Which statement accurately describes fetal alcohol spectrum disorders?

Which statement accurately describes fetal alcohol spectrum disorders?

• A. FASD is caused by exposure to nicotine
• B. They include growth deficiencies, facial anomalies, and neurodevelopmental problems
• C. They are completely preventable by vaccines
• D. They have no impact on cognitive function

Answer: (B)

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders arise from alcohol exposure during pregnancy and represent a range of effects on the developing fetus. The most characteristic impact includes growth deficiencies, facial anomalies (such as a smooth philtrum and thin upper lip, and reduced palpebral fissure length), and neurodevelopmental problems (cognitive deficits, learning difficulties, attention and behavior challenges). This combination is why the statement describing FASD as involving growth issues, facial features, and neurodevelopmental problems is the best choice. It’s not caused by nicotine, vaccines do not prevent FASD, and these disorders commonly affect cognition, so claiming no cognitive impact would be incorrect. Prevention hinges on avoiding alcohol during pregnancy.

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders arise from alcohol exposure during pregnancy and represent a range of effects on the developing fetus. The most characteristic impact includes growth deficiencies, facial anomalies (such as a smooth philtrum and thin upper lip, and reduced palpebral fissure length), and neurodevelopmental problems (cognitive deficits, learning difficulties, attention and behavior challenges). This combination is why the statement describing FASD as involving growth issues, facial features, and neurodevelopmental problems is the best choice. It’s not caused by nicotine, vaccines do not prevent FASD, and these disorders commonly affect cognition, so claiming no cognitive impact would be incorrect. Prevention hinges on avoiding alcohol during pregnancy.